Production of chemical pulp



Patented Sept. 13, 1932 umreo. om n: j

LINN BRADLEY, or mom'cnam, new JERSEY, AND EDWARD r. MCKEEEE, or

. rmr'rsnunen, nnw'ironx PRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL PULP No Drawing.Application filed September 2, 1926,-Ser1a1 No. 188,291.Benewed'0etober'2 6, 192.9.

This'invention relates to the production of chemical pulp, and to thetreatment of residual liquors for the regeneration of cooking liquors. a5 More particularly the invention relates to cyclic and interrelatedoperations in which two different kinds or types of sulfur-containingcooking liquors are employed, of which soda is the base, some of thesame sul- L fur being present in one type of cooking liq cookingprocesses and sodium sulfid type ofcooking processes, in which cookingliquor for one type of cooking process is regenerated (at least in part)from residual liquor constituents from another type of cookingoperation. The acid sulfite cooking processes to which the inventionparticularly relates are those in which a relatively high content :0 ofcombined sulfite is present in the cooking liquor as charged into thedigester, more particularly cooking liquors in which there is aconsiderable amount of a sulfite of sodium but which are substantiallyfree from ex- 5 cess sulfurous acid beyond the sodium bisulfite state(i. e. they contain NaHSO but contain no additional H SO Generally thecooking liquors employed, of the acid sulfite type, may be considered asmade up princi- 0 pally of solutions of sodium bisulfite (NaHSO whichcontain also some sodium monosulfite (Na SO3).. The sulfid type ofcooking liquorsto which the invention particularly relates are cookingliquors in which 5 the sodium present as sodium sulfid is less in amountthan the sodium present as sodium hydroxide, these cooking liquorsgenerally containing primarily sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfid andbeing prepared by causti J cizing with lime a solution of sodiumcarbonate and sodium sulfid, at least some of these sodium compoundshaving been obtained from residual liquor from a cooking operationof theacid sulfite type.

According to one embodiment of the invention, wood chi s are cooked withan acid sulfite type of coo 'ng liquor which contains sodium monosulfiteand sodium bisulfite, the resulting residual liquor is separated fromthe pulp, after which it is subjected to a suitan able concentratingoperation, the solid con- 'stituents are subjected to a furnacingoperation whereby sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid are formed, thesecompounds are dissolved in a suitable amount of water and 05 suchsolution is c'austicized by lime to convert the greater part of thesodium carbonate into sodlum hydroxide, the cooking liquor .is separatedfrom the lime mud and-thereafter is employed for cooking wood.

Prior to subjecting the residual liquor from the acid sulfite type ofcooking operation to the concentrating step, it may advantageously haveadded thereto a sufficient amount of a reactive alkaline sodium compoundto render the liquor neutral or even alkaline to I litmus. For example,some of the sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid solution referred to inthe preceding paragraph may be employed for this purpose, or some of theresidual liquor from the alkaline type of cooking. operation may be soemployed. This utilization 'of some non-sulfur-containing sodiumcompound for such treatment facili tates the production of sodiumsulfid. When the residual liquor from the acid sulfite type of cookingoperation is thus treated with an alkaline sodium compound or compounds,and especially when residual liquor from the alkaline type of cookingoperation is so utilized, some organic matter maybe separated out fromsolution. The liquor may be separated from such suspended matter, to aconsiderable extent at least, and y the concentration step is thusfacilitated. A 9:; moderate amount of strong alkali, e. g.,sodiumhydroxide, may be added to the sepa-' rated liquor in order toredissolve remaining suspended organic matter. Such treated residualliquor may be concentrated in any suitable type of apparatus, e. g. amultiple-effect evaporator.

The concentrated liquor may-:be given a further concentrating treatment,e. g. in a 5 disc-evaporator, and then charged into a suitable heatingfurnace. The concentrated liquor may be charged directly into theheating furnace without passing through a discevaporator, if desired,but by employing. a, disc-evaporator, or other scrubbing device, somesulfur or sulfur compounds may be recovered from the furnace gases andthus be available for the production of sodium sulfid. Combustiblesulfur compounds, which..-may.

the sulfur oxide or oxides absorbed in alkaline liquor or solution andthe resulting sodium compounds utilized in the cycle of the invention.The introduction of a regulated amount of air to react with the gases ata the soda contentof the residual liquor or thetreated residual liquor,as the case may be, is obtained in a furnace product largely as sodiumcarbonate and as sodium sulfid, the sodium sulfid being formed by areduction of sodium-oxy-sulfur compounds. Ordinarily a considerableamount of sodium sulfid will be present in such product. Sodium sulfate,for example in amount'suflicient to replace soda which may be lost inthe operations of the cycle, may be added to the product which is to begiven the furnace treatment, so that some sodium sulfid may be formedtherefrom. The furnacing operation should be so regulated that aconsiderable amount of the sulfur content of the residual liquor fromthe acid sulfite type of cooking operation, is present in the furnaceproduct as sodium sulfid. The treatment of the residual liquor with some,non-sulfur-containing sodium compound, e. g. sodium-organic compoundsor sodium .carbonate .or various mixtures thereof, in the mannerheretofore described, isof advantage .in that it aids in retainingsurfur along with the soda and that it thus aids in the production ofsodium sulfid.

The ratio of sodium carbonate to sodium sulfid in the furnace product iscapable of variation so that a solution of these compounds yields, uponsuitable causticization by means of lime, a cooking liquor which carriesthe desired ratio of sodium hydroxide to sodium sulfid, for example from50 to 80 parts of NaOH to every 50 to 20 parts of be present in thegases from the-heating furnace, are advantageously oxidized 'to .;su1-

, cooking liquor. fur dioxide or sulfur trioxide or both and' Na s. Byincreasing the amount of soda as compared to sulfur in the product beingcharged into the reducing furnace, the amount of Na CO in the furnaceproduct may be relatively increased and the sodium sulfid (Na s)relatively decreased.

The alkaline type of cooking liquor, for example containing about partsof NaOH and about 30 parts of Na S, by weight, for every 400 and 500pounds of wood (oven-dry basis) is then employed for cooking wood, theamount of active chemicals being adjusted to suit the kind and amount ofwood treated and the quality of pulp desired. This type of cookingoperation can be carried out in the usual manner of cooking with thistype of [The-residual liquor resulting from such cooking operationisseparated from the pulp I and, where a further lot of cooking liquor ofthe acid sulfite type is desired to be obtained from recovered soda,such residual liquor may be, in whole or in part, as may be required,treated so as to form a recovered soda product which is suited forsulfiting by S0 gas. In case a portion of such alkaline type of residualliquor has been employed for admixing with residual liquor of the acidsulfite type, the remaining portion may be concentrated in any suitablemanner and solid constituents thereof subjected to a heating treatmentin any suitable type of furnace, e. g. the usual type of rotaryincinerator such as is employed in mills operating the well-known sodaprocess. Such treatment serves to drive off a considerable portion ofthe sulfur content of the alkaline type of residual liquor, especiallywhen the Na S of the cooking liquor has been caused to react to a verylarge extent with organic constituents of wood. I Some of the residue ofsulfur, remaining associated with the soda of the resulting fu r naceproduct, may be present as Na S, but it is advantageous to so conductthe furnacing operation as to drive off most of the sulfur and to havethe sulfur which does remain in the furnace product largely in the formof an oxidized compound, e. g. sulfite or sulfate. Thus a considerableexcess of air may be passed through therotary furnace, or other type offurnace when such is employed for the furnacing treatment, to facilitatein removing sulfur and in oxidizing the sulfur residue to sulfite orsulfate or both. 'However, it is difiicult to avoid the presence of Na sin the furnace roduct, when the furnacing operation is o ,a'simple type,such as above: It is satisfactory for the purposes of thecycle of thepresent invention, to have the furnace product composed mainly of sodiumcarbonate, since some Na s can be satisfacto r- 'ily utilized if presenttherein. Such sodium sodium compounds through the tower, and

thus absorbing sulfur dioxide in the liquor. The sulfiting may bediscontinued when the liquor contains the desired ratio of combined touncombined SO i. e. containing the de sired content of sodium sulfitcandof sodium I bisulfite. Some sodium thi'osulfate is generi ofresidual'liquorsof their respective'types,"

ally formed, due to interaction between Na S and H 80 but in the cycleof the present invention such Na S O may remain in the cooking liquorwhich is charged into the digester. The amount of combined sulfite inthe cooking liquor is sufficiently high to nulli-' fy the otherwisedetrimental character of Na s O e. g. such as when cooking liquors ofthe usual acid-sulfite type are employed. In the cooking liquorsemployed in the acidsulfite type of cooking operation of the presentinvention, the amount of sodium monosulfite is so regulated that it issuflicient to prevent objectionable reactions due to the Na S OIn-general the amount of Na SO should exceed that of the Na Si O andusually a considerably larger amount should be employed for safety.

Some of the solution of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid obtained bydissolving the recovered soda compounds produced by the furnacingtreatment of residual liquor from the alkaline type of cookingoperation, may be used for mixing with residual liquor from the acidsulfite type of cooking operation, if desired. Also, some of suchsolution may be causticized, either separatelyor after mixing with othersodium carbonate and sodium sulfid, e. g. that obtained from thereducing treatment of the constituents in the acid sulfite type ofresidual liquor, and be again employed in an alkaline cooking operation.

In an alternative arrangement, the residual liquors from the alkalinetype of cooking operation maybe admixed with the residual liquors fromthe acid sulfite type of cooking operation, and the admixed liquorstreated by concentrating and furnacing steps to form a recovered sodaproduct which contains sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid." Thesecompounds may be dissolved-to form a solution and a portion thereof maybe caustici zedto form an alkaline type of cookingliquor and anotherportion thereof may be sulfited to form an acid sulfite type of cookingliquor,

these respective-cooking liquors be1ng"employed to cook wood and-yieldfurther lots; I

and the simple cycle repeated.

Where sodium carbonate is employed'for replacing lost soda, it isadvantageously add; ed to the sodium carbonate liquor which is to besulfited to form the acid sulfite type of cooking liquor.

Some of the sulfur content of thefurnace gases can be recovered forreuse. For example, the gases may be subjected to electricalprecipitation at a suitable temperature, preferably above the dew pointso as to secure solids in a more or less dry form. Such solids areusually high in sodium sulfate, especially when the combustible furnacegases have been oxidized by the introduction of suflicient air at hightemperature to effect such oxidation. These solids-are advantageouslyaddedto the product which is to undergo a reducing furnace treatment.The more or less cleaned gases may then be subjected to a scrubbingaction with a liquor which contains principally sodium carbonate whenfreshly supplied, to absorb S0 thereby and form a sulfite of sodium inthe liquor. This sulfite of sodium is then available for employment in acooking liquor, e. g. the acid sulfite type of cooking liquor referredto herein. It may be further sulfited if desired or necessary to providecooking liquor of the proper composition, and further amounts of sodiumcarbonate may be added thereto to increase'the soda content thereof.

, The kind of acid sulfite cooking liquors,

featured herein, release little or no SO When thedigester is relieved topromote liquor circulation therein, or even at the completion covery'apparatus, such as provided and utirequired and hence is not provided.

In a companion appllcatlon, Serial No.

133,289, filed September 2, 1926, we have given examples of severalcooking liquors of the acid sulfite type, which are suitable for. the

cycle of the invention herein described and featured. In such companionapplication, we have also described cooking liquors which contain bothsodium sulfid and sodium hydroxide, but in such application claims are'NaOH than of N a S. The a1 aline type of I e a cooking liquors of thepresent invention may contain a moderate amount ofsodium sulfite inaddition to sodium hydroxide and sodium.

sulfid, but the'sodium hydroxide in such cases is greater than theamount of Na S.

Sulfur required forthe sulfiting operation may be supplied in anysuitable manner, e. g. by burning sulfurin air, or bytheroasting ofsulfide ores, or b thebumin of sulfur and roasting of sulfide ores inone operation.

'To the extent that sulfur may be recovered .of the cooking operation,hence in the cycle ,of'the present invention, elaborate S0 re- 10 lizedin the usual acid sulfi-teprocess, is not hereinafter-mentioned from thefurnace gases, the amount of fresh- 1y supplied sulfur may be somewhatless than where no such sulfur recovery is carried out.

The solution of sodium carbonate, which may carry a small amount ofsodium sulfid,

which is to be sulfited, should contain very little if any ironcompound. To facilitate removal of iron therefrom, if required, amoderate amount of lime may be thoroughly agitated with the solution anda clarified liquor separated from the solids, and this clarified andtreated liquor may then be sulfited, preferably with iron-free S0 gas.

We claim:

1. The process'of treating residual liquor resulting from cooking woodwith a cooking liquor which contains sodium bisulfite, which comprisesadding thereto some alkaline liquor formed by dissolving the sodiumcarbonate and sodium sulfid produced by the reducing furnace treatment,thereby rendering the mixture of liquors non-acid and forming somesodium thiosulfate therein, subjecting the treated liquor toconcentration and solid constituents thereof to a reducing furnacetreatment whereby a melt is formed which contains sodium carbonate andsodium sulfid, dissolving such sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid,thereby forming an'alkaline liquor, and using a portion of the thusformed alkaline liquor to treat the residual liquor first mentioned.

2. The process for producing pulp from wood which comprises cooking woodwith a liquor which contains sodium bisulfite, add" ing to the-resulting residual liquor some alkaline liquor formed by. dissolvingthe sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid produced by ahereinafter-mentioned reducing furnace treatment, subjecting the treatedliquor to a concentration, and solid constituents thereof to a reducingfurnace treatment whereby a melt is formed which contains sodiumcarbonate and sodium sulfid, dissolving such sodium carbonate and sodiumsulfid, thereby forming an alkalinev liquor, causticizing a portion ofthis alkaline liquor with. sufiicient lime so as to yield a liquor whichcontains more sodium hydroxide than sodium sulfide, cooking wood with aliquor which comprises sodium hydrogride and sodium sulfide so formed,concentrating residual liquor from this alkaline cooking operation, andsubjecting constitutents thereof to a reducing furnace treatment wherebya product is formed which contains sodium sulfid and a relatively highproportion of the soda in the form of sodium carbonate.

3. The cyclic process of producing pulp from wood which comprisescooking wood with a liquor which contains sodium sulfite and sodiumbisulfite, adding to the resulting residual liquor some alkaline liquorformed by dissolving the sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid produced bya hereinafter-mentioned reducing furnace treatment, thereby whichcontains sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide, dissolving such sodiumcarbonate and sodium sulfid, thereby forming an alkaline liquor,causticizing a portion of this alkaline liquors so as to yield analkaline cooking liquor which contains more sodium hydroxide than sodiumsulfide, cooking wood in such alkaline cooking liquor, subjectingresidual liquor from such alkaline cook to a concentrating treatment andsolids thereof to a reducing furnace treatment to form a product whichcontains sodium carbonate and a lesser amount of sodium sulfid,dissolving the thus formed sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid inwater,thereby forming an alkaline liquor, subjecting sodium carbonate of saidalkaline liquor to a sulfiting treatment to produce a cooking liquorcontaining sodium sulfite and sodium bisulfite and repeating thecycleQ';

4. The process of treating residual liquor resulting from cooking woodwith a cooking liquor which contains sodium bisulfite, which comprisesrendering the residual liquor alkalineby adding theretohereinafter-mentioned alkaline liquor that contains sodium carbonate andsodium sulfid dissolved from the hereinafter-mentioned melt, subjectingthe treated residual liquor to concentration and solid constituentsthereof to a reduclng furnacing treatment whereby a melt is formed whichcontains sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid, treating the melt withwater thereby forming an unclarified alkaline liquor that contains insolution the thus formed sodium after-mentioned furnace product withwater to obtain in solution the sodium carbonate and sodium sulfidpresent in such furnace product, subjecting the treated residual liquorto concentration, and solid constituents thereof to a reducing furnacetreatment whereby a furnace product is formed which contains sodiumcarbonate and sodium sul-. fide. treating the said furnace product withwater to form an alkaline liquor containing in solution the thus formedsodium carbonate and sodium sulfid, 'causticizingsuch alkaline valkalineliquor by dissolving sodium compounds from' the furnace roduct,sulfitingliquor with lime and forming a cooking liquor which containsmore sodium hydroxide than sodiumsulfide, cooking wood with such cookingliquor, con'centr'atmg residual liquor from this alkaline cookingoperation, subjecting constituents'thereof to a furnacing treatmentwhereby a furnace product is formed which contains sodium carbonate anda lesser amount of sodium sulfid, treating this furnace product withwater and forming'an the solution so as to pro uce therefrom a cookingliquor which contains sodium bisulfite but is free from excess sulfurousacid beyond the bisulfite stage, and cooking wood therewith.

6. The cyclic process of producing pulp from cellulosic fibrous materialwhich comprises treating such material with a cooking liquor containingsodium bisulfite free from excess sulfurous acid, subjecting theresidual liquor to a treatment including a reducing furnacing stepadapted to yield a furnace product containing sodium carbonate andsodiumsulfide, dissolving such sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid,causticizing. such dissolved sodium carbonate and forming a cookingliquor containing sodium hydroxide and a lesser amount of sodiumsulfide, treating cellulosic fibrous material withcooking liquor soformed, subjecting resulting residual liquor to a treatment including afurnacing step adapted to yield'afurnace product containing sodiumcarbonate, dissolving sodium compounds 'containedin the result-" ingfurnace product to'produce" an alkaline liquor, agitating lime with thealkaline" liquor, separating a clarified alkaline liquor from thesolids, thereafter sulfiting this clarified and treated liquor toproduce a cooking liquor containing sodium bisulfite, and repeating thecycle. a

7. The cyclic process of producing pulp from wood, which comprisescooking one lot. of wood with a cooking liquor containing alarger amountof sodium monosulfite than of sodium thiosulfate and also containingsodium bisulfite, thereby forming an acid "residual liquor, cookinganother lot of wood with a cooking liquor containing sodium hydroxideand sodium sulfid, thereb forming an alkaline residual liquor, ren'ering the acid residual liquor alkaline by adding there to some of thealkaline liquo'r formed by treating a hereinafter-mentioned furnaceproduct with water-to dissolve its contained 1 sodium carbonate andsodiumsulfid, furnac ing solids of the resulting mixture of-liquorsunder reducing conditions to formafurnace product which contains sodiumcarbonate and a lesser amount of sodium sulfid, dis

solving these sodium compounds to form an alkaline liquor, causticizinga portion of the alkaline liquor with lime to form-a cooking portion .ofthe alkaline liquor to form a cook- :in'g liquor containingsodiumfmonosulfite,

sodium thiosulfate and sodium bisulfite, cooking. wood with each ofthese" cooking liquors, thereby forming more residual liquor of eachtype, and repeating the process.

8. The process for producing pulp from wood, which comprises cookingwoodwith a cooking liquor which contains a larger amount of sodiummonosulfite than of sodium thiosulfate and also contains sodiumbisulfite, rendering the resulting acid residual liquor alkalineby'adding thereto alkaline liquor formed by treating ahereinafter-mentioned furnace product with water to dissolve itscontained sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid, subjecting the resultingmixture of liquors to a concentration and solid constituents thereof toa furnacing treatment under reducing conditions whereby a furnaceproduct is formed which contains sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid,treating this furnace product with water .to form an alkaline liquor bydissolving its contained sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid,-treating atleast a portion liquorwhich comprises sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfidso formed, concentrating,

residual liquor from this alkaline cooking operation, subjecting solidconstituents thereof to a furnacing-treatment-under reducing con 7ditions whereby a furnace product is formed that contains a relativelyhigh proportion of its soda in the form ofsodium carbonate and a lesserproportion in the form of sodium sulfid, treating this furnace productwith waterto dissolve such constituents and produce an alkaline liquorcontaining these recovered sodium compounds, sulfiting at least aportion of such liquor while hot, thereby producing a. cooking liquorthat contains sodium sulfite,

sodium bisulfite and sodium thiosulfate, the.

sulfiting treatment being regulated so that this acid cooking liquorcontains more sodium sulfite than sodium thiosulfate.

9. The process for producing pulp-from wood, which comprises cookingwood with av I cooking liquor which contains sodium sulfite,

ents thereof to a furnacing treatment under reducing conditions wherebya product is sodium bisulfite and sodium thiosulphate, the

. amount of sodium monosulfite exceeding that formed which containssodium carbonate and F sodium sulfid, causticizinga solution containmgthese recovered sodium compounds with sufficient lime so as to yield aliquor which contains sodium hydroxide and a lesser amount of sodiumsulfid, cooking wood with cooking liquor which comprises sodiumhydroxide and sodium sulfid so formed, concentrating residual liquorfrom this alkaline cooking operation, subjecting solid constituentsthereof to a furnacing treatment under reducing conditions wherebyafurnace product is formed that contains a relatively high proportion ofits soda in the form of sodium carbonate and a lesser proportion in theform of sodium sulfid, dissolving such constituents to produce analkaline liquor containing these recovered sodium compounds, admixinglime with the alkaline liquor, separating the undissolved solids fromthe liquor to obtain a clarified alkaline liquor, sulfiting the thusclarified liquor while hot, thereby producing a cooking liquor thatcontains sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite and sodium thiosulfate, thesulfiting treatment being regulated so that this acid cooking liquorcontains more sodium sulfite than sodium thiosulfate.

10. The interrelated process of producing pulp and treating residualliquors, which comprises the following steps: (a) digesting wood with anacid cooking liquor that .con-

tains sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite and sodium thiosulfate and inWhich the amount of sodium sulfite is larger than the amount of sodiumthiosulfate; (b) digesting wood with an alkaline cooking hquor thatcontains soditer compound including sulfur derived from the said sodiumcompounds utilized in step (a) (f) dissolving the sodium carbonate andsodium sulfid produced in ste (e) to form an alkaline liquor;(g),caustic1zing by means of limealkaline liquor produced in ste (f)thereby producing an alkaline cooking 'quor that contains sodiumhydroxide and a lesser amount of sodium sulfid; (h), employing in step(b) alkaline cooking liquor produced in step (g) (i), removing waterfrom residualliquor produced in step (b) (j), furnacing solidconstituents, derived from the liquor treated in step (i) under reducingconditions,

thereby obtaining a furnace product that contains the major portionofitssoda as sodium carbonate and a lesser portion as sodium sulfid;(is), dissolving the sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid, produced instep (j), to produce an alkaline liquor; (Z), admlxing lime with thisalkaline liquor and thereafter separating a clarified alkaline li norfrom the undissolved solids; (m), sul fiting this clarified liquor so asto produce an acid cooking liquor of the kind described in step (a) and('n), employing this acid cooking liquor in step (a) of the process.

11. In a process for produclng pulp in which rawcellulosic-fibre-bearing material is digested with an acid cookingliquor con-' decompose organic matter thereof and form a furnace productthat contains sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid, treating this furnaceproduct with water to dissolve these sodium compounds and forms thealkaline liquor, and using this alkaline liquor for the treatment of theacid residual liquor without an intervening digesting treatment of rawcellulosic-fibre-bearing material therewith.

12. In a process for producing pulp in which raw cellulosicfibre-bearing material is digested with cooking} liquor containing asulfite of sodium, theiimprovement which comprises evaporating water ofthe resulting residualliquor, furnacing resulting solids under reducingconditions to decompose organic matter thereof and form a, furnaceproduct that contains sodium carbonate and sodium sulfid, treating thisproduct with water to'dissolve these'sodium compounds and form analkaline liquor, admixing lime with this liquor, thereafter separating aclarified alkaline liquor from the resulting undissolved matter, andsubsequently sulfiting sodium compounds thereof to form a cooking liquorthatcontains a sulfite of sodium and is substantially free fromdissolved iron compounds.

In testimony whereof we aflix our signatures. v

LINN BRADLEY. EDWARD P. MCKEEFE.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. 7

Patent No. 1,877,219. September 13, 1932.

LINN BRADLEY ET AL.

- It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered'patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2,line 74, for "and" read to; page 4, line 69, claim 3, after "liquor"insert the word to; and in line 76, same claim, for "liquors" readliquor; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with'thesecorrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the easein the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 22nd day of November, A. D. 1932.

M. J. Moore, 7

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

